Dr. Greenson reported that he had seen such changes in gender concept on the clinical level in his work at the Gender Identity Research Clinic of the University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, a center for the psychiatric examination and treatment of patients who seek a surgical change in their anatomic gender.

This was the situation he described: "Before World War II most of my women patients suffered from frigidity, but this was not a major complaint. Today I rarely see a woman patient who accepts her frigidity. In fact, most of them demand orgasms and feel they are cheated by their sexual partners if they do not obtain them readily. Previously women patients seemed relatively inhibited about sexual activity with the mouth, and today they seem to accept it. . .

"Before World War II, most of my men patients complained that their wives were reluctant sexual partners. Today it is the women who complain that their husbands do not seem to be eager for sexual relations. Whereas frigidity in women seems to be decreasing, frigidity in men is increasing enormously."

On a more superficial level, Dr. Greenson noted that since women have gained greater social freedom, "they have taken over many of the perrogatives previously reserved for men."

"They are able to smoke and drink in public, to work, choose a husband, divorce, own property, and vote," he continued. "In addition, modern methods of contraception have freed women from their constant fear of pregnancy. In general, women have become more active, daring, and even rebellious.

"On the other hand, men have become more passive, security-minded, and conforming. Young men start out their working careers thinking of retirement rather than becoming boss. Ambition, drive, outspokenness, and rebellion are considered old-fashioned masculine traits.'

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He attributed these shifts in gender role to changes in the relative economic status of the two sexes. American women have largely gained economic independence and thus their social and

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